تأثیر پودر عناب بهعنوان جایگزین ساکارز بر ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی و حسی شکلات شیری کم کالری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: شکلات یکی از بی‌نظیرترین خوراکی‌ها با طعم فوق‌العاده و پرطرفدار در جهان است. اما به دلیل قند و کالری بالا می‌تواند منجر به چاقی و بسیاری از بیماری‌ها شود. در حال حاضر، اضافه وزن و چاقی از دلایل اصلی بیماری‌ها و مرگ و میر در بسیاری از کشورهای توسعه یافته و در حال توسعه است. اگرچه زمانی داشتن وسواس و رژیم غذایی مختص افراد سنین بالا بود ولی امروزه این دغدغه اصلی در تمامی سنین مشاهده می‌شود. از این‌رو تولید شکلات با کالری کم می‌تواند این دغدغه‌ها را کاهش دهد. استفاده از پودر عناب که دارای خصوصیات تغذیه‌ای بالایی می‌باشد به‌عنوان جایگزین ساکارز در شکلات می‌تواند یکی از این راه‌ حل‌ها باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش، پودر عناب در سطوح مختلف (صفر، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد) به‌عنوان جایگزین ساکارز به فرمولاسیون شکلات اضافه گردید. ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمایی شکلات نظیر رطوبت، خاکستر، pH و شاخص‌های رنگی اندازه‌گیری شد. در ادامه نیز آزمون‌های سختی، رئولوژی و حسی بر روی نمونه‌های شکلات انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج با افزایش سطح جایگزینی، محتوی رطوبت و خاکستر افزایش و مقادیر pH و کالری کاهش داشت. نتایج حاصل از آزمون اندیس سفیدی حاکی از آن بود که با افزایش مقدار پودر عناب در نمونه‌ها اندیس سفیدی کاهش (05/0p<)، ولی در طی مدت زمان نگهداری اندیس سفیدی تمامی نمونه‌ها افزایش یافت. سختی نمونه‌های شکلات در محدوده 33/1207-30/1087 (گرم) قرار گرفت؛ به-طوری که با افزایش سطح جایگزینی ساکارز با پودر عناب بر سختی نمونه‌ها افزوده شد. نتایج آزمون رئولوژی نشان داد که بهترین مدل جهت توصیف رفتار نمونه‌های شکلات مدل کاسون بود؛ به‌نحوی که جایگزینی پودر عناب با وجود تاثیر بر پارامترهای رئولوژیکی، تاثیری بر مدل رئولوژیکی نداشت. بررسی‌های بیشتر نشان داد با افزایش مقدار پودر عناب ویسکوزیته و تنش تسلیم کاسون افزایش می‌یابد (05/0p<) و به ترتیب در محدوده 01/6-49/1 (پاسکالثانیه) و 51/21-61/5 (پاسکال) قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمون حسی نشان داد که افزایش سطح جایگزینی (100 درصد جایگزینی) منجر به کاهش پذیرش کلی شد. با وجود اینکه نمونه تولیدی با 100 درصد سطح جایگزینی از لحاظ پذیرش کلی دارای کمترین امتیاز می‌باشد اما می‌توان آن را به‌عنوان یک محصول خاص برای بیماران دیابتی و دارای اضافه وزن مد نظر داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: با بررسی نتایج آزمون حسی و سایر آزمون‌ها، نمونه با سطح جایگزینی 75 درصد به‌عنوان نمونه بهینه انتخاب شد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می‌توان بیان نمود با کاربرد پودر عناب به عنوان جایگزین ساکارز در شکلات می‌توان محصول جدید و کم کالری با ویژگی‌های مشابه شکلات حاوی ساکارز تولید نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of jujube powder as a sucrose substitute on physicochemical and sensory properties of low calorie milk chocolate

نویسندگان [English]

  • rouhangiz sepehri
  • Mohammad Hossein Haddad Khodaparast
  • Mostafa Mazaheri Tehrani
  • Fateme Pourhaji
Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Chocolate is one of the most delicious foods with a wonderful taste and aroma that is very popular in the world. Currently, overweight and obesity are major causes of illness and death in many developed and developing countries. Although obsessive compulsions and diet were once common to older people, this is a major concern today for all ages. But because of the high sugar and calories it can lead to obesity and many diseases. Therefore, low calorie chocolate production can reduce these concerns. Use of jujube powder that has high nutritional properties as a substitute for sucrose in chocolate can be one of these methods. Chocolate is one of the most delicious foods with a wonderful taste and aroma that is very popular in the world. But because of the high sugar and calories it can lead to obesity and many diseases. Therefore, low calorie chocolate production can reduce these concerns. Use of jujube powder that has high nutritional properties as a substitute for sucrose in chocolate can be one of these methods.
Materials and Methods: In this study, jujube powder was added to chocolate formulation to replace sucrose at different levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). The physicochemical properties of chocolate such as moisture, ash, pH and colorimetric were measured. Then, hardness, rheology and sensory tests were performed on chocolate samples.
Results: The results showed that with increasing of replacement level in treatments, moisture content, ash increased and pH decreased. The results of the whiteness index test showed that the amount of jujube powder in the samples decreased whiteness index (p<0.05), But during the storage period, all the samples increased. The hardness of the chocolate samples was in the range of 1087.30-1207.33 (g), which increased with increasing replacement level. The results of the rheology test showed that the best model to describe the behavior of the chocolate samples was the Casson model and that the replacement of jujube powder had no effect on the rheological model despite its effect on rheological parameters. Further studies showed that with increasing the amount of jujube powder, the viscosity and yield stress of Casson increased (p<0.05) and were in the range of 1.49-6.01 (Pa.s) and 5.61-21.51 (Pa), respectively. Sensory test results showed that increasing the replacement level (100% replacement) resulted in decreased overall acceptance. Although the sample with the 100% replacement level has the lowest score in terms of overall acceptability, it can be considered as a special product for overweight diabetic patients.
Conclusion: According to the results of sensory test and other tests, the sample with 75% replacement level was selected as the optimal sample. Based on the results of this study it can be stated that using jujube powder as a substitute for sucrose in chocolate can produce a new and low calorie product with similar properties to chocolate containing sucrose.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • jujube
  • sucrose. chocolate
  • low calorie
  • rheology
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